lycra-base-fabric

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Lycra is a brand name for elastane, which is a highly elastic synthetic fabric. Despite having different names, Lycra, spandex, and elastane are all the same material, and these fabrics can stretch to 5-8 times their usual size.

This fabric was originally developed by the DuPont Corporation in the 1950s, but it would not exist if polyurethane had not been invented by IG Farben in the 1930s in Nazi Germany. Polyurethane now represents the base material for a number of different plastics, and the same basic chemical synthesis methods are used to make Lycra that are used to make other polyurethane-based plastics.

Lycra is a fully synthetic fiber, which means that all of its components are created in laboratory settings. While many of the constituent parts that are used to create the chemicals in Lycra fabric have organic origins, by the time that they are formed into Lycra fibers, they have been formulated and reformulated to the extent that they have no relation to organic components.

There are four ways to make Lycra, but most of these methods have been almost entirely discarded. While some manufacturers may still use reaction spinning, solution wet spinning, or melt extrusion to make elastane products, a method known as solution dry spinning makes up almost 95 percent of global Lycra production.

This process begins when macroglycol and a diisocyanate monomer are mixed to create the prepolymer that serves as the base ingredient of Lycra. Next, the solution is exposed to minutely calibrated levels of heat and pressure, which instigates the chemical reaction that forms the prepolymer. If the volume ratio between these two substances is out of balance, the prepolymer will not form, and a ration of 1:2 is observed in most applications.